How to find the right diet for your senior dog or cat, according to a vet

Things change, and much like humans, a pet’s tastes and habits can change, too. One day, your cat may turn their nose up at their favorite breakfast, or a previously ravenous dog may choose to skip dinner tonight. 

Decreased appetite or sudden changes in taste are a normal part of aging, but they can also mean something else is going on. Understandably, this can make owners concerned. We’re here to help.

Learn from vet Dr. Kirsten Ronngren, DVM, MRCVS, as she shares diet tips for older cats and dogs, advice on what to do if they aren’t eating, and how to keep your aging pet nourished and happy.

Food for older dogs

Before we start, remember that factors like your pet's breed, genetics, lifestyle, personality, and more impact their status as a "senior." Small breeds like Jack Russells may only reach senior age at around age 10, while some consider giant ones like Great Danes to be aged by six or seven.

Generally, older dogs will need fewer calories compared to when they were younger. Like us, senior pups have a lower energy expenditure as they age; they move around and rest more, so they may need less food.

If you’re wondering how much to feed an older dog, it’s difficult to say. Your dog’s calorie and nutritional needs vary on a case-by-case basis. It’ll largely depend on their:

• Species

• Breed

• Size

• Body condition score

• Overall health

Your pet may be fine with continuing their regular diet into their older years, especially if they’re still responding to the same exercise levels.

We recommend consulting with your vet, a certified pet nutritionist, or someone with a PhD in animal nutrition to be sure. Vets will want to rule out any underlying health issues, like kidney or liver disease, that may affect your dog’s nutrient requirements.

Usually, they’ll recommend switching to a pet food more suited to senior pets. Food for older dogs will usually focus on:

• High-quality protein to maintain muscle mass

• Nutrients, which help with joint support

• Compounds which help with brain and immune function

These are the key things needed for a senior dog diet. Remember to introduce new foods gradually to avoid digestive problems.

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Food for aging cats

Cats typically reach their golden years at 10 or 11, but others consider it to be seven or eight. But there are other clues to "seniority" status. Once your cat (or dog, for that matter) starts showing signs of vision or hearing loss, weight gain, weight loss, or hair changes, they’re probably senior.

Much like dogs, older cats probably need fewer calories than their younger selves. However, it varies on a case-by-case basis; your cat’s breed, species, size, body condition, and health will all impact things.

As above, check with your vet, a certified pet nutritionist, or someone with a PhD in animal nutrition to check things over. Ruling out health conditions, like kidney disease, is essential in creating a dietary plan for your golden oldie.

Like dogs, they’ll likely recommend switching to a pet food more suited to senior pets. Food for aging cats will usually focus on:

• High-quality protein to maintain muscle mass

• Nutrients, which help with joint support

• Compounds which help with brain and immune function

Good food for older cats will have the above. Remember to introduce new foods gradually to avoid digestive problems.

What if my senior pet is putting on weight?

Pet metabolisms slow as they age, meaning they can put weight on following their usual diet.

Weight gain is more of a problem for senior pets as it increases inflammation, puts pressure on the joints, and increases the likelihood of conditions like arthritis.

As above, we recommend switching to food tailored to senior pets if weight gain is an issue. Otherwise, you can find a weight loss plan from one of the professionals we mentioned earlier.

What to do if your senior cat or dog isn’t eating

Loss of appetite in dogs and cats can be concerning, but senior pets will naturally eat less as they age. However, how little is too little, and when should you get help?

A decreased appetite in dogs and cats might just be their way of communicating with you. Sometimes, they may be saying that you need to change things up a bit. Older pets may appreciate a quieter eating space away from noise or a change to their food, for example.

Your senior pet may also need smaller portions spread out throughout the day. We also recommend raising the food and water bowl if they’re struggling to eat off the floor and using a non-slip surface near them.

Always check with a vet for sudden changes, especially if your pet’s refusing to eat. Even in older pets, sudden changes can signify an underlying health condition.

Health conditions that can impact your pet’s appetite include:

• Arthritis

• Kidney disease

• Liver disease

• Cancer

• Cognitive disorders

These will require a prescribed veterinary diet to complement an existing treatment plan.

When to see a vet for your senior pet's eating habits

Changing your pet’s diet is a drawn-out process, so getting some help is important. If you’re struggling to feed your senior pet, if they have any sudden changes to their eating, or if you’re concerned about their appetite, then reach out to your vet ASAP.